大麦与谷类科学

新疆是我国重要的小麦生产优势区，小麦成本收益对农民种植的积极性和保障新疆粮食安全非常重要，进行小麦全要素生产率评价对提高小麦生产效率具有重要的意义。基于2007—2023年我国及12个小麦主产省份的成本收益数据，运用SBM(Slack-Based Measure)模型对小麦综合效率进行探究，从纯技术效率、规模效率和纯技术变动3个维度剖析，得出新疆相较于全国小麦主产省份的综合效率对比结果。研究发现：1）新疆小麦投入产出综合效率达到0.989，低于全国平均水平，在12个主产省份中排名第9位，处于较低水平，且17年间只有8个年份综合效率达到最优；2）技术进步因素是促进新疆小麦综合效率的主要动力，纯技术效率达到1.017，高于全国平均水平，且仅低于山西、陕西、内蒙古、河北4个小麦主产省份水平；3）规模效率为0.971，低于全国平均水平，且仅高于山东、河北、内蒙古3个主产省份水平。要强化小麦新品种培育、合理密植、水肥一体化、精准调控技术的研发和应用，科学合理确定小麦种植面积，优化布局，提高规模效率。

Xinjiang is the important wheat production advantage area in China, and the cost-benefit of wheat is very important to farmers' enthusiasm for planting and ensuring food security in Xinjiang. The evaluation of wheat total factor productivity is of great significance to improve wheat production efficiency. Based on the cost-benefit data of China and 12 major wheat production provinces from 2007 to 2023, the study explores the comprehensive efficiency of wheat by SBM(Slack-Based Measure) model. From three dimensions of pure technology efficiency, scale efficiency and pure technology change, the comprehensive efficiency comparison results of Xinjiang compared with the main wheat producing provinces in China were obtained. The results show that:(1) The input-output comprehensive efficiency of Xinjiang wheat reaches 0.989, which is lower than the national average level and ranks 9th among the 12 major production provinces, at a relatively low level, and the comprehensive efficiency has reached the best in only eight years in 17 years.(2) The technological progress is the main driving force for promoting the comprehensive efficiency of wheat in Xinjiang. The pure technical efficiency reaches 1.017, which is higher than the national average, and only lower than the level of the four major wheat production provinces of Shanxi, Shaanxi, Inner Mongolia and Hebei.(3) The scale efficiency is 0.971, which is below the national average level, and higher than the level of the three main production provinces of Shandong, Hebei and Inner Mongolia. It is necessary to strengthen the research and development and application of new wheat varieties cultivation, reasonable dense planting, integration of water and fertilizer, and precision control technology, determine the wheat planting area scientifically and rationally, optimize the layout, and improve the scale efficiency.