大麦与谷类科学

为明晰喷施硅肥对沿海滩涂水稻茎秆形态、力学性状、抗倒伏能力和产量的影响，选取海洋院1号（V1）和南粳5055(V2)为试验材料，设置12种处理，即清水处理（CK）、矿源HA络合硅肥（T1）、糖醇硅肥（T2）、高活性离子态液体硅肥（T3）、液体硅锌肥（T4）、自制硅肥（T5），每种硅肥设置2个喷施模式：喷施2次，于分蘖期和拔节抽穗期施肥；喷施3次，前2次同前，第3次于灌浆期追加施肥。结果表明：1）喷施硅肥能降低水稻株高和节间长度，提高节间粗度、茎壁厚度和抗折力，进而提升茎秆抗倒伏能力，V1喷施T4和T5抗折力较大，倒伏指数较低，而V2喷施T3和T5显示抗倒伏能力较强，且2个品种均表现出喷施3次比2次效果好。2）喷施硅肥能显著提升水稻产量及其构成因素，与CK相比，V1喷施2次和3次T1，水稻产量增幅分别为3.02%、5.13%,T2产量增幅分别为5.05%、7.58%,T3产量增幅分别为2.03%、2.26%,T4产量增幅分别为6.20%、8.44%,T5产量增幅分别为4.88%、9.47%;V2喷施2次和3次T1，水稻产量增幅分别为8.57%、9.46%,T2产量增幅分别为3.48%、3.62%,T3产量增幅分别为6.08%、8.28%,T4产量增幅分别为4.02%、5.12%,T5产量增幅分别为2.97%、3.18%。产量增加主要由穗数和穗实粒数共同影响，其中穗实粒数影响较大；喷施3次比2次产量增幅提高，主要是在灌浆期喷施硅肥提高了千粒质量和结实率。3）喷施硅肥降低了水稻穗长并提高了着粒密度、单穴产量和生物量，V1喷施2次和3次T4的单穴产量最高，而V2表现出T1最高，且喷施3次效果优于2次，2个品种的收获指数均有小幅提升但无统计学意义。4）喷施硅肥对滩涂水稻一二次枝梗性状的影响因品种不同具有差异性，特别是提高了二次枝梗数、总粒数和实粒数，V1喷施T5效果较好，V2喷施T2肥效较高。综上，不同硅肥对不同品种水稻的促进效果存在差异，喷施T5对于二者提升抗倒伏能力效果均最好，同时使V1显著增产，而V2喷施T1增产效果最好。

The effects of foliar silicon fertilizer application on stem morphology, mechanical properties, lodging resistance and yield of rice in tidal flat were studied. Haiyangyuan No.1(V1) and Nangeng 5055(V2) were used as experimental materials, and 12 treatments were established,including clear water(CK), mineral HA complex silicon fertilizer(T1), sugar alcohol silicon fertilizer(T2), highly active ionic liquid silicon fertilizer(T3), liquid silicon zinc fertilizer(T4), and custom-made silicon fertilizer(T5). Each treatment had two models, involving two applications during the tillering and jointing-heading stages, and three applications during the tillering, jointing-heading, and grain filling stages. The results showed that: 1) Spraying silicon fertilizer can reduce rice plant height and internode length, improve internode roughness, stem wall thickness,and bending resistance, thereby enhancing stem lodging resistance. V1 treated with T4 and T5 has higher bending resistance and lower lodging index, while V2 treated with T3 and T5 on has stronger lodging resistance, and the effect of 3 applications was better than that of 2 applications.2) Spraying silicon fertilizer can significantly improve rice yield and its constituent factors. Compared with CK, V1 treated with twice and three times increased yield by 3.02% and 5.13%(T1), 5.05% and 7.58%(T2), 2.03% and 2.26%(T3), 6.20% and 8.44%(T4), and 4.88% and 9.47%(T5) respectively, while V2 treated with twice and three times increased yield by 8.57% and 9.46%(T1), 3.48% and 3.62%(T2), 6.08% and8.28%(T3), 4.02% and 5.12%(T4), and 2.97% and 3.18%(T5) respectively. The increase in yield was mainly due to the combined number of panicles and the number of grains per panicle, among which the number of grains per panicle had a greater effect. The increase of yield was higher after three times of spraying than that after two times of spraying, mainly due to the increase in thousand grain weight and seed setting rate caused by the application of silicon fertilizer during the filling period. 3) Spraying silicon fertilizer reduced rice panicle length and increased grain density, single plant yield, and biomass. V1 sprayed twice and three times with T4, resulting in the highest single plant yield, while V2 sprayed with T1 showed the highest, and the effect of spraying three times was better than twice. The harvest index of both varieties was slightly improved but did not reach a significant level. 4) The effect of spraying silicon fertilizer on the primary and secondary branch traits of rice in mudflat is different with different varieties, especially the number of secondary branches, total grains and full grains. V1 sprayed with T5 was better, V2 sprayed with T2 was better. In summary, there are differences in the promotion effects of different silicon fertilizers on different varieties of rice. Spraying T5 has the best effect on improving the lodging resistance of both varieties, and significantly increases the yield of Haiyangyuan No.1(V1). Nanjing 5055(V2) Sprayed with T1 has the best yield increasing effect.