大麦与谷类科学

平衡施肥技术是增加作物产量、提升肥料利用率、节本增效、降低农业面源污染的重要举措。本试验共设置9个处理，分别为不施任何肥料(CK)、常规施肥(F)、常规施肥无氮(FN0)、常规施肥无磷(FP0)、常规施肥无钾(FK0)、平衡施肥(B)、平衡施肥无氮(BN0)、平衡施肥无磷(BP0)、平衡施肥无钾(BK0)。试验通过对比不同缺素条件下的小麦生长状况以及平衡施肥与常规施肥在小麦生长上的差异，结果发现：各缺素处理中，缺氮对小麦生长影响最为严重，其次是缺磷，缺钾对小麦影响最小；相比常规施肥，平衡施肥处理的穗数、穗粒数和产量分别提升了2.98%、3.55%、5.39%；与常规施肥处理相比，平衡施肥处理的养分吸收和利用率有不同程度的提升，其中N、P、K吸收总量分别提升了5.00%、14.66%、5.03%，氮肥利用率、磷肥利用率、钾肥利用率分别提高了8.52%、2.32%、24.20%，肥料利用率平均提升11.68%，经济效益增加87.15元/667 m²。

Balanced fertilization technology is an important measure to increase crop yield, improve fertilizer utilization efficiency, save costs and increase efficiency, and reduce agricultural non-point source pollution. This experiment set up a total of 9 treatments, namely no fertilization(CK), conventional fertilization(F), conventional fertilization without nitrogen(FN0), conventional fertilization without phosphorus(FP0), conventional fertilization without potassium(FK0), balanced fertilization(B), balanced fertilization without nitrogen(BN0), balanced fertilization without phosphorus(BP0) and balanced fertilization without potassium(BK0). The experiment compared the growth status of wheat under different nutrient deficiency conditions and the differences between balanced fertilization and conventional fertilization in wheat growth. The results showed that among the nutrient deficiency treatments, nitrogen deficiency was the most severe on wheat growth, followed by phosphorus deficiency, and potassium deficiency had the least impact on wheat growth.Compared with conventional fertilization, the balanced fertilization treatment increased the number of panicles, grains per panicle, and yield by 2.98%, 3.55% and 5.39%, respectively. Compared with conventional fertilization treatment, the nutrient absorption and utilization efficiency of balanced fertilization treatment have been improved to varying degrees, and the total absorption of N, P and K increased by 5.00%, 14.66% and 5.03%, respectively. The utilization efficiency of nitrogen fertilizer, phosphorus fertilizer and potassium fertilizer increased by 8.52%, 2.32% and 24.20%, respectively. The average fertilizer utilization efficiency increased by 11.68%, and the economic benefit increased by 87.15 yuan/667 m².