大麦与谷类科学

基于西藏当地的种植制度,针对西藏地区青稞倒伏问题进行分析。认为西藏地区青稞倒伏的主要原因有:种质资源本身不具抗倒伏能力、播种机械化应用程度不高、播种密度偏大、化肥使用比例严重失调、土壤肥力不断下降等,对此提出了相应的防治措施,包括适当控制播种量,研发适合高原地区作业的播种机械,氮、磷、钾肥合理配施,合理灌溉,及时防治病虫害同时加强抗倒伏品种的选育等。旨在为西藏地区"十三五"期间实现青稞产量增加25 kg/667 m²,粮食稳定在100万t提供参考。

This paper analyzed the lodging problem of hulless barley grown in Tibet region by taking into account the specific conditions in which hulless barley is planted there. The following factors are found to cause lodging in hulless barley grown in Tibet.First, the available germplasm resources of hulless barley in Tibet lack traits associated with strong lodging resistance. Second, sowing mechanization remains at a low level and the sowing density is too high in Tibet. Third, application of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium fertilizers is out of proportion; and soil fertility is decreasing. Based on these findings, several strategies are proposed to prevent the lodging of hulless barley in Tibet. They consist of strengthening the breeding of lodging-resistant varieties; developing suitable sowing machinery; proportionally applying nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium fertilizers; carrying out irrigation in a timely manner; and effectively controlling pests and diseases. This study provides the information that is important for achieving the goals of increasing the yield of highland barley by 25 kg/667 m² and of maintaining the grain yield at 1 million tons in Tibet Autonomous Region during the period of the 13 th Five-Year Plan.