大麦与谷类科学

为探索出云南小麦施肥的最佳模式,筛选出科学合理的小麦施肥方法,减少麦田化肥施入量,提高小麦化肥利用效率,保护环境,并为小麦绿色栽培大面积推广应用提供依据。以底肥尿素、复合肥、硫酸钾与猪粪配置处理,进行小麦梯度施肥试验。结果表明:在常规施肥量的基础上,减施20%处理小麦产量最高,达7 210.05 kg/hm²,增效最大,达3 550.51元/hm²;减施20%、40%及60%处理的小麦产量差异不具统计学意义,减施60%的处理使小麦能获得7 035 kg/hm²的较高产量,而且化肥投入仅为1 170元/hm²,农户增加纯收入1 988.40元/hm²,增收最多。

The objectives of the current research were to explore the optimal wheat fertilization mode, improve fertilizer utilization efficiency, and reduce fertilizer input in order to protect the environment. A wheat field trial was carried out, consisting of six treatments with different fertilizer application rates: T₁, the control treatment without any fertilizer; T₂, urea 90 kg/hm~2+ compound fertilizer 45 kg/hm~2+ potassium sulfate 30 kg/hm~2+ pig manure 3 000 kg/hm²; T₃, urea 180 kg/hm~2+ compound fertilizer 90 kg/hm~2+potassium sulfate 60 kg/hm~2+ pig manure 6 000 kg/hm²; T₄, urea 270 kg/hm~2+ compound fertilizer 135 kg/hm~2+ potassium sulfate 90 kg/hm~2+ pig manure 9 000 kg/hm²; T₅, urea 360 kg/hm~2+ compound fertilizer 180 kg/hm~2+ potassium sulfate 120 kg/hm~2+ pig manure 12 000 kg/hm²; T₆, the conventional fertilization control(urea 450 kg/hm~2+ compound fertilizer 225 kg/hm~2+ potassium sulfate 150 kg/hm~2+ pig manure 15 000 kg/hm²). All fertilizers were applied as the basal treatment. Among all treatments, T₅ attained the highest yield of 7 210.05 kg/hm² and the greatest benefit increase by 3 550.51 yuan/hm²; T₃, T₄, and T₅, which had reductions in the amount of applied fertilizers by 60%, 40%, and 20%, respectively, compared with T6, showed differences in yield, which, however,were not statistically significant. T₃ had a relatively higher yield of 7 035 kg/hm², its fertilizer input was only 1 170 yuan/hm², and it brought farmers the maximum net income of 1 988.40 yuan/hm². Overall, with a 60% reduction in fertilizer application rate, T3 led to the greatest benefit increase. The results in this study have laid foundations for establishing environmentally friendly cultivation modes applicable to large-scale wheat production.