大麦与谷类科学

籽粒硬度是影响麦类作物磨粉品质和食品加工品质的重要性状之一。本研究以260份来自我国13个省（区）的地方品种、选育品种和国外引进的裸燕麦品种为试验材料，通过3年2点种植，对其进行籽粒硬度检测和分布研究。结果表明，供试裸燕麦籽粒硬度均值变幅为17.72～37.26 N；硬度值在26.80～29.20 N范围内的分布频率最高；山西省软质和中间型裸燕麦占总供试品种的比例均最高，分别为10.47%和15.12%；内蒙古的硬质占比最高，为6.59%；华北和西北产区的中间型硬度的占比均最高；而来自“云贵川”地区的材料则主要以软质为主。引进品种主要集中在俄罗斯和加拿大，硬度以中间型的居多。播种地区、年份和品种对籽粒硬度值均有显著影响，地方品种、选育品种和引进品种3种类型与硬度值相关性不大。统计供试材料籽粒的外观形状发现，华北产区的籽粒长度、宽度和厚度变幅最大，但各产区之间差异无统计学意义。本研究可为燕麦加工企业原粮选择及加工专用品种选育奠定基础。

Kernel hardness is one of the most important quality traits that affect the milling quality and food processing quality of wheat crops. This study determined the kernel hardness types and their distribution patterns among a total of 260 accessions of naked oats(Avena nuda) comprising landraces and cultivars from 13 provinces(regions) in China and introduced varieties from other countries,which were planted in two locations for 3 years. The results showed that the hardness value of the tested naked oat grains ranged from17.72 N to 37.26 N, with the highest distribution frequency between 26.80 N and 29.20 N. The tested naked oats from Shanxi Province had the highest proportions of soft type and medium hardness among all these accessions, accounting for 10.47% and 15.12%,respectively. The proportion of hard-type oats was highest in the accessions from Inner Mongolia, accounting for 6.59%. The medium type of hardness was predominant in the accessions from the oat production areas in both North and Northwest China, while those from the provinces of Yunnan, Guizhou and Sichuan within the southwestern production regions mainly belonged to soft type. The hardness type of the internationally introduced varieties was mostly medium type, which mainly came from Russia and Canada. In the field trials, planting location, planting year and planted variety all had significant effects on grain hardness value. The category of the accessions(landraces, domestically bred cultivars, or internationally introduced varieties) had no significant correlation with hardness value. All the accessions from the oak-producing areas of North China, Northwestern China, Southwestern China, and Northeastern China were compared for their appearance and shape of grains. As a result, the grains of the accessions from North China had the largest variations in length, width, and thickness; however, there were no significant differences in these parameters between the production areas. This research provides a significant reference for the selection of raw grains in oat processing enterprises, and also lays a foundation for the breeding of special varieties for oat processing.