大麦与谷类科学

粒型是影响水稻产量及稻米品质的关键因素之一。为明确不同粒型调控基因在粳稻和籼稻品种中的分布情况及其对粒型的调控效应，对90个粳稻品种及50个籼稻品种的GL7、GS3、GW5、lgy3、TGW6共5个粒型调控基因进行分子标记检测，并对携带不同基因型的水稻粒长、粒宽等进行测量及分析。结果表明，GL7长粒基因型在粳稻中存在比例为4.4%，在籼稻中存在比例为18.0%;GL7长粒基因型对粳稻和籼稻的粒长和长宽比均有显著提升作用，但同时对粒宽有缩短作用；GS3长粒基因型在粳稻中存在比例为2.2%，而在籼稻中存在比例为94.0%,GS3长粒基因型对籼稻的粒型有增长效果，但差异无统计学意义；GW5宽粒基因型在粳稻中存在比例为87.8%，而在籼稻参试品种中未检测到（检测到gw5为100%）,GW5宽粒基因型对粳稻粒宽有显著提升作用，但同时对其粒长和长宽比有显著缩短作用；lgy3长粒基因型在参试粳稻品种和籼稻品种中均未检测到（均检测到LGY3为100%）;TGW6长粒基因型在参试籼稻品种中存在比例为4.0%，在参试粳稻品种中未检测到（检测到tgw6为100%）。

Grain size of rice is an important determinant of rice yield and quality. In order to clarify the distribution and regulating effects of different grain size genes in japonica and indica rice varieties, five genes(GS3, GL7, GW5, lgy3 and TGW6) in 90 geng rice varieties and 50 indica rice varieties were detected with molecular markers. The grain length and grain width of rice varieties with different gene types were measured and analyzed. The results showed that the GL7 long-grain genotype existed in both geng and indica rice with 4.4% and 18.0%. GL7 long-grain genotype significantly increased grain length and length-width ratio of geng rice and indica rice, but shortened the grain width at the same time. GS3 long-grain genotype existed in geng rice with a proportion of 2.2%, but existed in indica rice with 94.0%. GS3 long-grain genotype increased grain length ratio of indica rice, but the difference was not statistically significant. GW5 wide-grain genotype was common in geng rice with 87.8%, but not detected in indica rice. GW5 wide grain genotype significantly increased grain width, but shortened grain length and length-to-width ratio significantly. lgy3 long-grain genotype was not detected in neither geng and indica rice varieties. TGW6 long-grain genotype existed in indica rice varieties with a small proportion of 4.0%, but was not detected in tested geng rice varieties.