大麦与谷类科学

跟踪调查浅位缠泥土上种植小麦常规施肥、测土配方施肥2种方式下氮肥、磷肥和钾肥的利用率现状,为控制化肥施用总量、优化施肥结构、科学运筹肥料、改进施肥方式提供科学依据。本试验设2个试验区,分别为农户习惯施肥种植区和配方施肥示范区。农户习惯施肥种植区设置常规区、不施氮区、不施磷区、不施钾区4个处理;配方施肥示范区设置配方区、不施氮区、不施磷区、不施钾区4个处理。小区面积设置为30 m²。结果表明,浅位缠泥土上种植小麦,常规施氮、磷、钾,化肥利用率分别为31.69%、16.80%、32.00%;配方施氮、磷、钾,化肥利用率分别为39.79%、25.75%、40.60%。因此,配方施肥方式可明显提高肥料利用率。

This research investigated the current utilization rates of nitrogen, phosphate, and potassium fertilizers in the shallow bound soil of a wheat field under the conventional fertilization mode and the soil testing and formulated fertilization mode. It can establish a scientific basis for effectively controlling the total amount of applied fertilizers, optimizing the fertilization structure and pattern, and improving the mode of fertilization. The trial involved two sets of treatments: Set 1 was under the farmers' conventional fertilization mode, and Set 2 was under the soil testing and formulated fertilization mode. Set 1 consisted of four treatments: conventional fertilization treatment, the one without a nitrogen fertilizer, the one without a phosphorus fertilizer, and the one without a potassium fertilizer. Set 2 also comprised four treatments: the treatment with formulated fertilization, the one without a nitrogen fertilizer, the one without a phosphorus fertilizer, and the one without a potassium fertilizer. Each treatment was 30 m² in area. As a result, the utilization rates of nitrogen, phosphate, and potassium fertilizers in the shallow bound soil with wheat planted were 31.69%, 16.80%, and 32.00%,respectively, under the conventional fertilization mode. By comparison, the corresponding rates under the formulated fertilization mode were 39.79%, 25.75%, and 40.60%, respectively. Hence, the formulated fertilization mode significantly improved the utilization rates of all the three fertilizers.