大麦与谷类科学

为进一步提高小麦品种扬辐麦4号的产量和综合抗性,采用辐射诱变与常规杂交育种技术相结合育成高产多穗抗倒小麦新品种扬辐麦9号(原代号:扬辐麦2149)。该品种2015—2016年度参加长江中下游冬麦组区域试验,平均产量6 228.3 kg/hm2,比对照扬麦20增产7.49%,增产极显著;2016—2017年度续试,平均产量6 454.1 kg/hm2,比对照扬麦20增产7.90%,增产极显著。2017—2018年参加国家长江中下游麦区生产试验,平均产量6 385.8 kg/hm2,比对照增产6.72%。2019年通过国家审定(审定编号:国审麦20190005)。该品种分蘖性强,成穗率高,属多穗型小麦新品种,株高79.3 cm,株型较紧凑,穗层整齐,抗倒性强。高抗小麦黄花叶病,中抗赤霉病,中感纹枯病,高感白粉病、条锈和叶锈病,品质达中筋小麦。该品种的推广应用有利于进一步提高小麦产量水平,其综合抗性的提高有利于小麦清洁高效生产。新品种在推广应用过程中还需注意适期播种、优化群体结构、协调群体生长、合理运筹肥料提质增效、综合防治病虫害并及时收获。

To improve the yield and multiple-disease resistance and stress tolerance of the wheat variety Yangfumai No.4,the new wheat variety Yangfumai No.9 was created by combining radiation mutation with cross breeding. It was investigated for its yielding ability,multiple-disease resistance,and stress tolerance in a series of field trials. In the wheat growing season of 2015—2016, Yangfumai No.9 was assessed in the regional trial of winter wheat group,which attained the average yield of 6 228.3 kg/hm2,7.49% higher than that of the control wheat variety Yangmai 20. In the wheat growing season of 2016—2017,it attained the average yield of 6 454.1 kg/hm2,7.9% higher than that of Yangmai 20. In the winter growing season of 2017—2018,its average yield reached 6 385.8 kg/hm2,6.72%higher than that of Yangmai 20. As a new wheat variety,it passed the national appraisal in 2019. As demonstrated in the above trials,Yangfumai No.9 has a high tillering ability and strong lodging resistance with the plant height of 79.3 cm and compact plant type.Regarding its multiple-disease resistance,it has high resistance to wheat yellow mosaic disease;moderate resistance to scab;moderate susceptibility to sheath blight;and high susceptibility to powdery mildew,stripe,and leaf rust. The extension and application of this new wheat variety will be beneficial to the improvement of wheat yield,and its higher multiple-disease resistance will be beneficial to efficient wheat production. Key points of its cultivation technology are as follows: sowing it at proper dates,optimizing its population structure,coordinating its population growth,adopting effective fertilization strategies,applying integrated control of diseases and pests,and harvesting in time.