大麦与谷类科学

为探究播期、播量与肥料运筹协同调控对盐麦1号群体构建、产量形成及稳产性的影响，筛选适配该品种的区域高产稳产栽培技术模式，以小麦品种盐麦1号为试验材料，于2021—2023年在江苏(盐都)现代农业(稻麦)科技综合示范基地开展连续3年定位试验，试验设置5个不同播期-播量-肥料运筹组合处理。结果表明：T2及T3处理群体质量最优，其有效穗数、穗粒数与千粒质量协同提高，3年平均产量分别为537.17、541.08 kg/667 m²，显著优于其他处理；稳定性分析显示，T3处理产量变异系数最低，表现出良好的稳产性。研究表明，适期播种(11月上旬中后期6—12日)配合适中播量(150～180 kg/hm²)与氮肥后移(拔节肥用量占比≥30%)的协同调控策略，可有效协调盐麦1号群体结构与产量形成的关系，显著提升其高产性与稳产性。

To clarify the synergistic regulatory effects of sowing date, seeding rate and fertilizer management on population structure,yield formation and yield stability of Yanmai No.1 and screen out the high and stable yield cultivation model suitable for this variety in this region, wheat variety Yanmai No.1 was taken as the test material, and consecutive three-year locational experiments were carried out from 2021 to 2023 at the Jiangsu(Yandu) Modern Agriculture(Rice-Wheat) Science and Technology Comprehensive Demonstration Base. Five treatments were designed in the experiment. The results showed that treatments T2 and T3 exhibited the optimal population quality, with simultaneous improvements in effective panicle number, grains per panicle and thousand-grain weight. Their average yields over the three years were 537.17 kg per 667 m² and 541.08 kg per 667 m², respectively, which were significantly higher than those of other treatments. Stability analysis revealed that T3 had the lowest yield coefficient of variation,demonstrating good yield stability. This study indicated that the synergistic regulation strategy, including suitable sowing date(November 6-12), moderate seeding rate(150-180 kg/hm²), and delayed nitrogen application(the proportion of jointing fertilizer ≥30%),could coordinate the relationship between the population structure and yield formation and achieve high and stable yield of Yanmai No.1 in Yancheng area, providing theoretical basis and technical support for the green and efficient cultivation of wheat in Yandu.