大麦与谷类科学

为探索小麦高产高效生产模式,改变农户重施氮肥、"一炮轰"施肥方式,进行小麦不同生产模式试验。结果表明,不同生产模式对宁麦13产量影响不同,表现为高产记录模式>高产高效模式>传统生产模式>无氮模式>无肥模式;从生产成本来看,传统生产模式成本最高,达652元/667 m²,其次为高产记录模式,为600元/667 m²,无肥模式成本最低,仅为416元/667 m²。从生产效益来看,高产记录效益最高,为336.6元/667 m²;其次为高产高效模式,为333.4元/667 m²;效益最低的为无氮模式,为-107.7元/667 m²。建议农户应尽可能选择高产纪录模式与高产高效模式。

Conventional cultivation modes have low efficiency, which include inappropriate fertilization strategies, such as application of nitrogen fertilizers at an overly high rate and onetime application of all fertilizers before planting. With the purpose of exploring efficient wheat cultivation modes bringing high yields and high economic benefits, the current study investigated effects of five different cultivation modes on the yield and economic returns of the wheat variety Ningmai 13 in Gaoyou City, Jiangsu Province. The results showed that the different cultivation modes varied in their effect on the yield of Ningmai 13; the yields attained by the five different modes ranked in the following order: high-yield-record mode > high-yield and high-efficiency mode > conventional cultivation mode > the mode without nitrogen fertilizers > the mode without fertilization. With respect to production cost, conventional cultivation mode had the highest one reaching 652 yuan/667 m², followed by high-yield-record mode with the cost of 600 yuan/m²,while the mode without fertilization had the lowest cost(only 416 yuan/m²). Regarding economic benefit, high-yield-record mode brought the highest benefit of 336.6 yuan/m², followed by high-yield and high-efficiency mode with the benefit of 333.4 yuan/m²,whereas the mode without nitrogen fertilizers had the lowest benefit of-107.7 yuan/m². It is recommended that farmers adopt high-yield-record mode and high-yield and high-efficiency mode in wheat production since they can attain higher yields and economic benefits than the other modes.